Dysbiosis is a disturbance in the balance of the microbiome: a loss of diversity, a reduction in beneficial bacteria or an increase in opportunistic microorganisms. It is not a standardised medical diagnosis, as there is no single reference for a healthy microbiome. The main contributing factors include:
• A diet low in fibre and high in ultra-processed foods, added sugars and saturated fats.
• Certain medicines, particularly antibiotics, but also acid-suppressing medicines such as omeprazole when taken long term.
• Chronic stress and insufficient sleep.
• A sedentary lifestyle, alcohol and smoking.
• Gut infections.
• Certain additives, such as some emulsifiers, which have altered the microbiome in animal studies and some human trials.
A microbiome test lets you see the state of your ecosystem and track changes as you adjust your habits.